Fiber, detergent ( surfactant ) and pollution problems.

Intake and milk production of cows fed diets that differed in dietary neutral detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber digestibility.

The objectives of this study were to determine how feeding diets that differed in dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentration and in vitro NDF digestibility affects dry matter (DM) intake, ruminal fermentation, and milk production in early lactation dairy cows. Twelve rumen-cannulated, multiparous Holstein cows averaging 38 +/- 15 d (+/-standard deviation) in milk, and producing 40 +/- ...

Prediction of in vivo neutral detergent fiber digestibility and digestion rate of potentially digestible neutral detergent fiber: comparison of models.

Eleven 1-pool, seven 2-pool, and three 3-pool models were compared in fitting gas production data and predicting in vivo NDF digestibility and effective first-order digestion rate of potentially digestible NDF (pdNDF). Isolated NDF from 15 grass silages harvested at different stages of maturity was incubated in triplicate in rumen fluid-buffer solution for 72 h to estimate the digestion kinetic...

Estimating Nitrogen and Acid Detergent Fiber Contents of Grass Species using Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS)

Chemical assessments of forage clearly determine the forage quality; however, traditional methods of analysis are somehow time consuming, costly, and technically demanding. Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) has been reported as a method for evaluating chemical composition of agriculture products, food, and forage and has several advantages over chemical analyses such as conducting c...

Fiber coating with surfactant solutions

When a fiber is withdrawn at low speeds from a pure fluid, the variation in the thickness of the entrained film with imposed fiber velocity is well-predicted by the Landau–Levich–Derjaguin ~LLD! equation. However, surfactant additives are known to alter this response. We study the film thickening properties of the protein BSA ~bovine serum albumin!, the nonionic surfactant Triton X-100, and the...

Microplastics Pollution in the Aquatic Environment: Problems and Challenges